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The orthography used to write Northern Sami has experienced numerous changes over the several hundred years it has existed. For most of this time, Norway, Sweden and Finland — the three countries where Northern Sámi is spoken — each had their own orthography for teaching the Sámi within their border. In 1979, a common pan-Scandinavian Sámi orthography was agreed on. The roots of the current orthography for Northern Sámi were laid by Rasmus Rask, who, after discussions with Nils Vibe Stockfleth, published ''Ræsonneret lappisk sproglære efter den sprogart, som bruges af fjældlapperne i Porsangerfjorden i Finmarken. En omarbejdelse af Prof. Knud Leems Lappiske grammatica'' in 1832. Rask felt that the orthography should be based on the principle of a single grapheme for each sound, i.e. it should be a phonemic orthography. All of the orthographies that have been used for Northern Sámi trace their roots back to Rask's system. Following in the tradition of Rask meant that diacritics were used with some consonants (č, đ, ŋ, š, ŧ and ž), which caused data-processing problems before Unicode was introduced. Both Stockfleth and Jens Andreas Friis went on to publish grammar books and dictionaries for Sámi. == The various orthographies in a nutshell== The country or countries in parentheses following the name of the orthography or its inventor is where the orthography was used. It was only in 1979 that Norway, Sweden and Finland had a common orthography for Sámi. # Knud Leem (Norway) # Nils Vibe Stockfleth (Norway) # J. A. Friis (Norway) # Konrad Nielsen (in scientific works throughout the 20th century) # Paavo Ravila (1934) (Finland) # Erkki Itkonen (1951) (Finland) # Bergsland-Ruong orthography (Norway, Sweden) # 1979 orthography (Norway, Sweden, Finland) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Northern Sami orthography」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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